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Letchworth
Letchworth, officially Letchworth Garden City, is a town in Hertfordshire, England, with a population of 33,600.〔(Letchworth Garden City - history and further information )〕 It is a former civil parish, abolished on 31 March 2013.〔The North Hertfordshire District Council (Reorganisation of Community Governance) Order 2013〕
The town's name is taken from one of the three villages it surrounded (the other two being Willian and Norton) – all of which featured in the Domesday Book. The land used was purchased by Quakers who had intended to farm the area and build a Quaker community. The town was laid out by Raymond Unwin as a demonstration of the principles established by Ebenezer Howard who sought to create an alternative to the industrial city by combining the best of town and country living. It is also home to the United Kingdom's first roundabout, which was built in 1909.〔(The widening gyre ), ''The Economist'', 5 October 2013〕
As one of the world's first new towns and the first garden city it had great influence on future town planning and the New towns movement; it influenced Welwyn Garden City, which used a similar approach and inspired other projects around the world including Canberra, the Australian capital, Hellerau, Germany, small village of Tapanila, Finland, and Mežaparks in Latvia.〔(Mežaparks in Riga – One of the First Garden Cities in Europe )〕) There is a link to town planning in the Soviet Union Stalingrad through the architect Semionov and a curious, possible if improbable, account of Lenin visiting the town when he visited England for a congress of the Russian Bolshevik party, then banned in Russia,.〔http://eandt.theiet.org/blog/blogpost.cfm?threadid=56170&catid=364 The Sleeping Towers of Letchworth ''The IET, column by Vitali Vitaliev''〕〔()''Letchworth Heritage Foundation''〕
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